Ad fraud is a subset of invalid traffic that is generated with malicious intent. Perpetrators of ad fraud typically generate it in order to either sabotage the advertising efforts of another business or for financial gain...

Ad Stacking occurs when a fraudster layers or stacks multiple ads on top of one another so that only the top ad is visible to the user. When the user clicks the ad, they unknowingly click all the ads underneath the intended ad...

Ad injection is the technique of surreptitiously inserting ads on a publisher’s website without their consent. This can be done by placing the ads over the originally shown ads, replacing the original ads altogether or by placing ads on websites...

App Install Farms use banks of physical devices to actually click on ads, download apps to devices, and then open them to trigger install events. The device ID is sometimes reset between app installs, making each install from the same device look like it is a new user...

Ad injection is the technique of surreptitiously inserting ads on a publisher’s website without their consent. This can be done by placing the ads over the originally shown ads, replacing the original ads altogether or by placing ads on websites...